The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the beginning of unprecedented political transformations across fifteen newly independent states. This comprehensive research examines the philosophical foundations underlying democratization processes in post-Soviet countries, with particular focus on how different theoretical approaches to democracy have influenced institutional development. The study employs comparative methodology to analyze case studies from the Baltic states, Central Asian republics, and Eastern European post-Soviet countries including Georgia, Ukraine, and Moldova. Key areas of investigation include the tension between liberal democratic ideals and traditional authoritarian governance structures, the role of civil society in democratic transition, and the impact of external geopolitical pressures on domestic political development. The research also explores how different philosophical traditions - from Western liberal democracy to indigenous political thought - have shaped contemporary political systems in these regions.